![]() Anchoring The bias to be affected by an initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary, and to insufficiently adjust our judgments away from that anchor. ![]() ![]() Amygdala Two almond-shaped structures located in the medial temporal lobes of the brain. The amygdala is involved in detecting relevant stimuli in our environment and has been implicated in emotional responses. If you could draw a line through your eye sloping toward the back of your head and another line between your two ears, the amygdala would be located at the intersection of these lines. Amygdala A region located deep within the brain in the medial area (toward the center) of the temporal lobes (parallel to the ears). Ambulatory assessment An overarching term to describe methodologies that assess the behavior, physiology, experience, and environments of humans in naturalistic settings. Altruism A desire to improve the welfare of another person, at a potential cost to the self and without any expectation of reward. Altruism A motivation for helping that has the improvement of another’s welfare as its ultimate goal, with no expectation of any benefits for the helper. Alogia A reduction in the amount of speech and/or increased pausing before the initiation of speech. People low in agreeableness tend to be rude, hostile, and to pursue their own interests over those of others. Agreeableness A personality trait that reflects a person’s tendency to be compassionate, cooperative, warm, and caring to others. Agreeableness A core personality trait that includes such dispositional characteristics as being sympathetic, generous, forgiving, and helpful, and behavioral tendencies toward harmonious social relations and likeability. Agoraphobia A sort of anxiety disorder distinguished by feelings that a place is uncomfortable or may be unsafe because it is significantly open or crowded. Agonists A drug that increases or enhances a neurotransmitter’s effect. Agnosia Loss of the ability to perceive stimuli. Age identity How old or young people feel compared to their chronological age after early adulthood, most people feel younger than their chronological age. Affective forecasting Predicting how one will feel in the future after some event or decision. Whereas “actual affect” refers to the states that people actually feel, “ideal affect” refers to the states that people ideally want to feel. Low arousal positive states refer to calm, peacefulness, and relaxation. For example, high arousal positive states refer to excitement, elation, and enthusiasm. Affect Feelings that can be described in terms of two dimensions, the dimensions of arousal and valence (Figure 2). Affect An emotional process includes moods, subjective feelings, and discrete emotions. Adaptation The fact that after people first react to good or bad events, sometimes in a strong way, their feelings and reactions tend to dampen down over time and they return toward their original level of subjective well-being. Action Potential A transient all-or-nothing electrical current that is conducted down the axon when the membrane potential reaches the threshold of excitation. Action potential A transient all-or-nothing electrical current that is conducted down the axon when the membrane potential reaches the threshold of excitation. Acceptance and commitment therapy A therapeutic approach designed to foster nonjudgmental observation of one’s own mental processes. Absolute threshold The smallest amount of stimulation needed for detection by a sense. Vocabulary Ability model An approach that views EI as a standard intelligence that utilizes a distinct set of mental abilities that (1) are intercorrelated, (2) relate to other extant intelligences, and (3) develop with age and experience (Mayer & Salovey, 1997).
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